Power BI Explained: Easy-to-Follow Guide for Data Analysis and Reporting

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1. Introduction to Power BI Power BI is a business analytics service provided by Microsoft that helps users visualize data, share insights, and make informed decisions using real-time analytics. It allows data from different sources to be connected, analyzed, and presented through reports and dashboards. Power BI is widely used in educational institutions, businesses, and organizations that require data-driven decision-making. Power BI simplifies complex datasets, enabling users to derive meaningful insights without needing advanced programming skills. It is especially useful for students working on projects, assignments, or internships. Key Benefits: Combines data from multiple sources. Helps in real-time data monitoring. Makes information visually engaging. Provides insights that guide decisions. Real-time Example: A university analyzing student enrollment patterns over the years can use Power BI to present trends and forecast future student intake, helping admin...
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Disk Operating System

  • Introduction to Disk Operating System:
    • DOS, or Disk Operating System, is one of the earliest operating systems used for personal computers.
    • It was developed to manage files, run programs, and control hardware like disks and printers using simple text commands.
    • Unlike modern operating systems with graphical interfaces (like Windows or macOS), DOS relies on typing instructions into a command-line interface.
  • Key Features of DOS:
    • Command-Line Interface (CLI): DOS operates through text commands entered by the user, which control file management, program execution, and system settings.
    • Single-Tasking: DOS can only run one program at a time.
    • File System: DOS uses the FAT (File Allocation Table) file system for organizing and managing files on disk drives.
    • Memory Management: DOS operates in the real mode of the CPU, typically accessing up to 640 KB of memory directly.
  • Loading DOS:
    • When you start a computer that uses DOS, the operating system gets loaded from the disk (floppy or hard disk) into the computer's memory. 
    • This process is called booting. Here’s a simple breakdown of how DOS loads:
      • Power on the Computer: You turn on the computer, and it begins the boot process.
      • BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) Loads: The BIOS checks the computer’s hardware and looks for the operating system.
      • Loading DOS: If DOS is installed, the BIOS finds DOS on the disk and loads it into the computer’s memory.
      • System Prompt Appears: Once DOS is loaded, it’s ready to accept commands from the user.
  • System Prompt in DOS:
    • The system prompt (in DOS or the Command Prompt in modern operating systems) is used to perform various tasks by entering text-based commands. 
    • It allows users to manage files, run programs, configure the system, and troubleshoot issues directly through typed instructions.
    • Opening System Prompt in Modern Operating Systems (like Windows)
      • Opening the System Prompt (also known as Command Prompt) in modern operating systems like Windows is straightforward. 
      • Here's a step-by-step guide along with a description of each step:
    • Steps to Open Command Prompt in Windows
      • Step 1: Open the Start Menu:
        • Click on the Start Menu (Windows logo) at the bottom-left corner of your screen, or press the Windows key on your keyboard.
      • Step 2: Search for Command Prompt:
        • In the Start Menu search bar, type cmd or Command Prompt.
        • The Command Prompt application will appear in the search results.
      • Step 3: Open Command Prompt:
        • Click on Command Prompt from the search results, or press Enter after typing "cmd".
        • The Command Prompt window will open.
      • Step 4: Run as Administrator (Optional):
        • If you need administrator privileges to execute certain commands, right-click on Command Prompt and choose Run as Administrator.
        • A prompt may appear asking for permission; click Yes to proceed.
      • Step 5: Using the Command Prompt:
        • Now that the Command Prompt window is open, you can type commands directly into it.
        • For example, typing dir will list the files and folders in the current directory.

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